Geodesia is the scientific discipline that focuses on measuring and understanding the Earth's geometric shape, orientation in space, and gravitational field. It combines principles from mathematics, physics, and engineering to provide accurate data about the Earth's surface and its changes over time. This information is crucial for various applications, including navigation, mapping, and land surveying. Geodesists use advanced technologies such as satellites, GPS, and geodetic surveys to collect data. The field plays a vital role in understanding natural phenomena like earthquakes and sea-level rise, helping scientists and policymakers make informed decisions regarding environmental and urban planning.