Gene mapping is the process of determining the location of genes on a chromosome. This helps scientists understand the genetic basis of traits and diseases by identifying which genes are associated with specific characteristics. By creating a map of genes, researchers can study how they interact and influence each other. There are two main types of gene mapping: linkage mapping and physical mapping. Linkage mapping uses genetic markers to find the relative positions of genes, while physical mapping involves determining the actual distance between genes on a chromosome. Both methods are essential for advancing our knowledge of genetics and improving medical research.