Genetic mapping is a technique used to determine the location of genes on a chromosome. It involves identifying the distance between genes based on how often they are inherited together. This information helps scientists understand the genetic basis of traits and diseases, as well as the overall structure of an organism's genome. By creating a genetic map, researchers can pinpoint specific genes associated with certain characteristics, such as height or disease susceptibility. This process is essential for fields like genetics, medicine, and agriculture, as it aids in breeding programs and the development of targeted therapies.