Linkage mapping is a genetic technique used to determine the relative positions of genes on a chromosome. By studying how often certain traits are inherited together, scientists can estimate the distance between genes. The closer two genes are, the more likely they are to be passed on together during reproduction. This method relies on the concept of recombination, where chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis. By analyzing the frequency of recombination events, researchers can create a map that shows the arrangement of genes, aiding in the study of genetic disorders and the development of new treatments.