Genome sequencing is the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome. This includes identifying the order of the four chemical building blocks, or nucleotides, which are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). By analyzing these sequences, scientists can gain insights into genetic information that influences traits, diseases, and biological functions. The technology used for genome sequencing has advanced significantly, making it faster and more affordable. Techniques like next-generation sequencing allow researchers to sequence entire genomes quickly, enabling applications in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and evolutionary biology.