Gemstone identification is the process of determining the type and quality of a gemstone based on its physical and optical properties. This includes examining characteristics such as color, clarity, cut, and carat weight. Tools like magnifying glasses, refractometers, and spectroscopes are often used to help identify gemstones accurately. Different gemstones have unique properties that can aid in their identification. For example, diamonds are known for their exceptional hardness and brilliance, while emeralds are recognized for their rich green color and inclusions. Understanding these properties helps gemologists classify and evaluate gemstones effectively.