Gem identification is the process of determining the type and quality of a gemstone. This involves examining various characteristics such as color, clarity, cut, and carat weight. Gemologists use tools like magnifying glasses, refractometers, and spectroscopes to analyze these features and distinguish between natural and synthetic gems. Different gemstones have unique properties that help in their identification. For example, diamonds are known for their exceptional hardness, while emeralds are recognized for their vibrant green color. Understanding these properties allows gemologists to accurately classify and appraise gemstones for jewelry and investment purposes.