Frost heave is a geological phenomenon that occurs when water in the soil freezes and expands. This expansion can lift the ground surface, causing unevenness or damage to structures like roads and foundations. The process typically happens in areas where temperatures fluctuate around the freezing point, allowing moisture to freeze and thaw repeatedly. The main factors contributing to frost heave include soil type, moisture content, and temperature changes. Soils rich in clay are particularly susceptible because they retain water well. Understanding frost heave is important for construction and landscaping, especially in regions prone to cold weather, to prevent structural issues and maintain stability.