formal equivalence
Formal equivalence is a translation approach that aims to stay as close as possible to the original text's structure and wording. This method prioritizes the exact wording and grammatical forms of the source language, making it useful for preserving the original meaning and style. It is often used in translating religious texts, such as the Bible, where precise language is crucial.
In contrast to dynamic equivalence, which focuses on conveying the overall meaning and intent, formal equivalence emphasizes fidelity to the source. This approach can sometimes result in translations that sound less natural in the target language but maintain a strong connection to the original text's form.