Food spoilage refers to the process where food becomes unsafe or unfit for consumption due to the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, molds, and yeasts. Factors contributing to spoilage include temperature, moisture, and exposure to air. Spoiled food may develop off-odors, changes in color, or an unpleasant texture. Preventing food spoilage involves proper storage techniques, such as refrigeration and sealing food in airtight containers. Additionally, understanding the shelf life of different foods, like dairy products and fruits, can help consumers manage their food supplies effectively and reduce waste.