Microbial growth refers to the increase in the number of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, in a given environment. This process occurs through cell division, where one cell splits into two, leading to exponential growth under favorable conditions. Factors influencing microbial growth include temperature, pH, nutrient availability, and oxygen levels. Understanding microbial growth is essential in various fields, including medicine, food safety, and environmental science. For instance, controlling microbial growth is crucial in preventing infections and spoilage in food products. Additionally, studying microbial populations helps in bioremediation efforts to clean up contaminated environments.