Food preservation techniques are methods used to prevent food spoilage and extend its shelf life. Common techniques include canning, where food is sealed in jars and heated to kill bacteria, and freezing, which slows down the growth of microorganisms. Other methods include dehydration, where moisture is removed from food, and pickling, which uses vinegar or brine to create an acidic environment that inhibits spoilage. These techniques help maintain the nutritional value and flavor of food while reducing waste. Additionally, fermentation is a popular method that not only preserves food but also enhances its taste and health benefits. Each technique has its own advantages and is suitable for different types of food.