A fluxgate magnetometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the strength and direction of magnetic fields. It operates by detecting changes in magnetic flux through a core material, typically made of ferromagnetic material. This device is commonly used in geophysical surveys, space exploration, and environmental monitoring. The fluxgate magnetometer consists of two coils wrapped around a magnetic core. When an alternating current is passed through the coils, it creates a magnetic field that saturates the core. As external magnetic fields interact with the core, the device can accurately measure their intensity and orientation, making it valuable for applications in geophysics, archaeology, and satellite technology.