A fluxgate magnetometer is a device used to measure the strength and direction of magnetic fields. It operates by using a core material that becomes magnetized when exposed to a magnetic field. The device typically consists of two coils of wire wrapped around the core, which helps detect changes in the magnetic field. These magnetometers are commonly used in various applications, including geophysical surveys, space exploration, and environmental monitoring. They are valued for their sensitivity and accuracy, making them essential tools in scientific research and navigation systems.