Fiqh is the Islamic jurisprudence that interprets and applies the teachings of Sharia, the moral and legal framework of Islam. It encompasses a wide range of topics, including rituals, ethics, and social issues, guiding Muslims in their daily lives. Scholars known as fuqaha study and derive legal rulings from the Quran and Hadith, the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad. The process of deriving these rulings involves various methodologies, including ijtihad, or independent reasoning. Different schools of thought, such as Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali, offer diverse interpretations of fiqh, reflecting the rich intellectual tradition within the Islamic community.