Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell from a male merges with an egg cell from a female. This union typically occurs in the fallopian tubes of the female reproductive system. Once the sperm penetrates the egg, it forms a single cell called a zygote, which contains genetic material from both parents. After fertilization, the zygote begins to divide and develop into an embryo as it travels down to the uterus. If successful, the embryo will implant itself into the uterine lining, leading to pregnancy. This process is essential for sexual reproduction in many organisms, including humans.