Reproduction is the biological process by which living organisms create new individuals of their own kind. This process is essential for the survival of species, allowing them to pass on their genetic material to the next generation. There are two main types of reproduction: asexual reproduction, where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another, and sexual reproduction, which involves the combination of genetic material from two parents. In sexual reproduction, male and female organisms contribute genetic information through specialized cells called gametes. The fusion of these gametes leads to the formation of a new organism, which inherits traits from both parents. This genetic diversity is important for the adaptability and evolution of species over time.