End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, where the kidneys can no longer function effectively. This condition often results from long-term issues such as diabetes or high blood pressure, leading to a significant decline in kidney function. Patients may require treatments like dialysis or a kidney transplant to manage their health. Symptoms of ESRD can include fatigue, swelling, and changes in urination. As the kidneys fail, waste products and excess fluids build up in the body, which can lead to serious complications. Early detection and management of underlying conditions are crucial to slowing the progression of kidney disease.