Earth processes refer to the natural activities that shape the planet's surface and interior. These processes include volcanism, where molten rock erupts from beneath the Earth's crust, and erosion, which involves the wearing away of rocks and soil by wind, water, and ice. Together, these processes contribute to the formation of landscapes, such as mountains, valleys, and rivers. Another important aspect of earth processes is plate tectonics, the movement of large sections of the Earth's crust. This movement can cause earthquakes and the creation of fault lines, as well as the formation of new landforms like mountain ranges and ocean basins. Understanding these processes helps scientists predict natural events and their impacts on the environment.