Volcanism is the process by which molten rock, known as magma, escapes from beneath the Earth's surface and erupts as lava, ash, and gases. This phenomenon occurs at volcanic structures, such as volcanoes, where pressure builds up due to the accumulation of magma. When the pressure becomes too great, it can lead to explosive eruptions or gentle lava flows. Volcanism can shape landscapes and create new landforms, such as islands and mountains. It also plays a crucial role in the Earth's geological cycle, contributing to the formation of minerals and influencing climate patterns. Understanding volcanism helps scientists predict eruptions and assess their potential impact on nearby communities.