Dystroglycan is a protein that plays a crucial role in connecting the cell membrane to the underlying extracellular matrix. It is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, which work together to facilitate cell adhesion and signaling. Dystroglycan is particularly important in muscle tissue, where it helps maintain the structural integrity of muscle fibers. Mutations or defects in the dystroglycan gene can lead to various diseases, including muscular dystrophies and cognitive disorders. These conditions often result from impaired cell adhesion and signaling, highlighting the importance of dystroglycan in maintaining healthy tissues and organs throughout the body.