Cognitive disorders are a group of mental health conditions that primarily affect a person's ability to think, learn, and remember. These disorders can impact various cognitive functions, including attention, memory, problem-solving, and decision-making. Common examples include Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These disorders can arise from various causes, such as brain injury, genetic factors, or environmental influences. Symptoms may vary widely, ranging from mild forgetfulness to severe impairments that affect daily life. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing symptoms and improving quality of life.