Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye problems that can occur in people with diabetes. It primarily includes diabetic retinopathy, which affects the blood vessels in the retina, and can lead to vision loss if not treated. High blood sugar levels can damage these vessels over time, causing them to leak or become blocked. Another condition associated with diabetic eye disease is diabetic macular edema, where fluid builds up in the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp vision. Regular eye exams are essential for early detection and management of these conditions to help preserve vision.