Data routing is the process of directing data packets from one network to another. It involves using devices called routers that analyze the destination address of each packet and determine the best path for it to travel. This ensures that data reaches its intended destination efficiently and quickly. In a network, data routing can occur within local networks or across the internet. Routing protocols help routers communicate with each other, sharing information about network conditions and available paths. This dynamic process allows for optimal data flow, reducing congestion and improving overall network performance.