Network Topology refers to the arrangement of different elements in a computer network. It defines how devices, such as computers and servers, are connected and how they communicate with each other. Common types of network topologies include star, ring, bus, and mesh, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Understanding network topology is essential for designing efficient networks. It impacts factors like performance, scalability, and fault tolerance. For instance, in a star topology, all devices connect to a central hub, making it easy to manage and troubleshoot, while a mesh topology offers redundancy, ensuring that if one connection fails, others can still maintain communication.