Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is a research approach that examines how language influences and reflects social power dynamics. It focuses on the ways in which discourse shapes and is shaped by social contexts, ideologies, and relationships. By analyzing texts, speeches, and conversations, CDA aims to uncover underlying meanings and assumptions that may perpetuate inequality or social issues. CDA is often applied in various fields, including sociology, linguistics, and political science. Researchers use CDA to study topics such as media representation, political rhetoric, and institutional communication. This method helps to reveal how language can both challenge and reinforce societal norms and power structures.