The colonization of North America began in the late 15th century when European explorers, such as Christopher Columbus, arrived in search of new trade routes. Various countries, including Spain, France, and England, established settlements, claiming land and resources. The first successful English colony was Jamestown, founded in 1607, which marked the beginning of permanent English presence in the region. As colonization progressed, European settlers expanded their territories, often displacing Indigenous peoples. The Thirteen Colonies were established along the eastern coast, leading to economic growth and cultural exchange. This period set the stage for future conflicts and the eventual formation of the United States.