The colonial period refers to the time when European powers established colonies in various parts of the world, primarily from the 15th to the 20th centuries. During this time, countries like Spain, France, Britain, and Portugal expanded their territories by claiming land in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. This expansion often involved the exploitation of local resources and the establishment of trade routes. Colonialism significantly impacted indigenous populations, leading to cultural exchanges, conflicts, and the spread of diseases. Many colonies were governed by European settlers, who imposed their laws and customs on the local people. The legacy of the colonial period continues to influence global relations and cultural identities today.