Coal workers' pneumoconiosis, also known as black lung disease, is a lung condition caused by long-term exposure to coal dust. When coal miners inhale fine particles of coal, it can lead to inflammation and scarring of lung tissue, making it difficult to breathe. Symptoms may include coughing, shortness of breath, and chest pain. This disease primarily affects individuals who work in coal mining and is a significant occupational health issue. Prevention strategies include using protective equipment and improving ventilation in mines to reduce dust exposure. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to help affected workers maintain their quality of life.