Black lung disease, also known as coal workers' pneumoconiosis, is a serious lung condition caused by long-term exposure to coal dust. It primarily affects miners who work in coal mines, where inhaling fine particles can lead to inflammation and scarring of lung tissue. Symptoms include coughing, shortness of breath, and chest pain. The disease can progress over time, leading to more severe health issues, including respiratory failure. Prevention measures, such as using protective equipment and improving ventilation in mines, are essential to reduce the risk of developing black lung disease among workers in the coal mining industry.