Disinfectants are chemical substances used to eliminate or reduce harmful microorganisms on surfaces and objects. They are commonly used in homes, hospitals, and public spaces to prevent the spread of infections. Disinfectants can come in various forms, including liquids, wipes, and sprays, and are effective against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The effectiveness of a disinfectant depends on its active ingredients, concentration, and contact time with the surface. Common types of disinfectants include bleach, alcohol, and quaternary ammonium compounds. Proper use and safety precautions are essential to ensure their effectiveness and minimize health risks.