Chemical disinfection is a process that uses specific chemicals to eliminate harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, from surfaces and objects. Common disinfectants include bleach, alcohol, and hydrogen peroxide. These substances work by disrupting the cellular structure of pathogens, rendering them inactive and preventing the spread of infections. This method is widely used in various settings, including hospitals, schools, and homes, to maintain hygiene and safety. Proper application and contact time are essential for effective disinfection, as some chemicals require a certain duration to kill pathogens effectively.