Central chemoreceptors are specialized cells located in the medulla oblongata of the brain. They play a crucial role in regulating breathing by detecting changes in the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and pH in the cerebrospinal fluid. When CO2 levels rise, these receptors signal the respiratory system to increase the rate and depth of breathing, helping to restore balance. These chemoreceptors are essential for maintaining homeostasis in the body. By responding to fluctuations in CO2 and pH, they ensure that the body receives adequate oxygen and removes excess CO2, which is vital for overall health and proper cellular function.