Cave ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment within caves. Caves provide unique habitats that are often dark, humid, and isolated from the outside world. This environment supports specialized organisms, including bats, cave-dwelling insects, and microorganisms, which have adapted to survive with limited resources. In cave ecosystems, energy primarily comes from organic matter that washes in from the surface, such as leaves and dead animals. Many cave species exhibit unique adaptations, like blindness and loss of pigmentation, to thrive in complete darkness. Understanding cave ecology helps scientists learn about biodiversity and the importance of conserving these fragile ecosystems.