Speleology is the scientific study of caves and their environments. This field encompasses various aspects, including the formation, geology, and ecology of caves. Speleologists explore these underground spaces to understand their physical characteristics and the organisms that inhabit them. In addition to research, speleology often involves mapping and documenting cave systems. This can help in conservation efforts and in understanding groundwater systems. Caves can also hold archaeological significance, providing insights into past human activities and natural history. Overall, speleology combines elements of geology, biology, and environmental science to explore and protect these unique ecosystems.