Carminic acid is a natural dye derived from the cochineal insect, specifically from the female cochineal, which is found primarily in Central and South America. This bright red pigment is used in various products, including food, cosmetics, and textiles, due to its vibrant color and stability. The extraction process involves drying the insects and then processing them to obtain the carminic acid. It is often labeled as E120 in food products and is considered a safe coloring agent, although some individuals may have allergic reactions to it.