Boreal forests, also known as taiga, are vast forests found in the northern regions of the world, primarily in Canada, Russia, and parts of Scandinavia. These forests are characterized by their cold climate, long winters, and short summers. The dominant trees in boreal forests are conifers, such as spruce, fir, and pine, which are well-adapted to survive harsh conditions. These forests play a crucial role in the Earth's ecosystem by absorbing carbon dioxide and providing habitat for diverse wildlife, including moose, wolves, and various bird species. Boreal forests also help regulate the global climate and are vital for the livelihoods of many indigenous communities.