Birth rates refer to the number of live births in a specific population over a certain period, usually expressed per 1,000 people per year. This measure helps demographers and policymakers understand population growth and demographic changes. High birth rates can indicate a young population or limited access to family planning, while low birth rates may suggest aging populations or increased access to education and healthcare. Factors influencing birth rates include economic conditions, cultural norms, and government policies. For instance, in some countries, family planning programs and women's education initiatives have led to lower birth rates. Conversely, in regions with limited resources, higher birth rates may persist due to different societal expectations and values.