Population growth refers to the increase in the number of individuals in a population over time. This phenomenon can be influenced by various factors, including birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration. Understanding population growth is crucial for planning resources, infrastructure, and services in both urban and rural areas. As populations grow, they can lead to challenges such as overcrowding, environmental degradation, and resource depletion. Conversely, some regions may experience population decline, which can result in labor shortages and economic challenges. Balancing these dynamics is essential for sustainable development and societal well-being.