Beta-globin is a type of protein that is part of hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. It is one of the two types of globin chains in hemoglobin, the other being alpha-globin. The beta-globin gene is located on chromosome 11 and plays a crucial role in the formation of healthy red blood cells. Mutations in the beta-globin gene can lead to various blood disorders, such as sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia. These conditions can affect the production and function of hemoglobin, resulting in symptoms like anemia and fatigue. Understanding beta-globin is essential for diagnosing and treating these disorders effectively.