Beta globin is a type of protein that is part of hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. It is one of the two types of globin chains in hemoglobin, the other being alpha globin. Each hemoglobin molecule consists of two alpha and two beta globin chains, which work together to transport oxygen efficiently. Mutations in the beta globin gene can lead to blood disorders, such as sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia. These conditions affect the production and function of hemoglobin, resulting in various health issues, including anemia and reduced oxygen delivery to tissues. Understanding beta globin is crucial for diagnosing and treating these disorders.