Apnea is a medical condition characterized by temporary pauses in breathing during sleep or while awake. These pauses can last for a few seconds to minutes and may occur multiple times throughout the night. The most common type is obstructive sleep apnea, where the throat muscles relax excessively, blocking the airway. Symptoms of apnea include loud snoring, gasping for air during sleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness. It can lead to various health issues, such as high blood pressure, heart problems, and difficulty concentrating. Treatment options may include lifestyle changes, the use of a CPAP machine, or surgery in severe cases.