Aortic dissection is a serious medical condition that occurs when the inner layer of the aorta, the large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart, tears. This tear allows blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, which can lead to a separation or dissection. Symptoms often include sudden, severe chest or back pain, and it can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. The condition can be caused by factors such as high blood pressure, connective tissue disorders, or trauma. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests like CT scans or ultrasound, and treatment may require medications or surgical intervention to repair the aorta and prevent complications.