Aortic diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the aorta, the largest blood vessel in the body. These diseases can include aortic aneurysms, which are bulges in the aorta that can rupture, and aortic dissection, where the layers of the aorta tear apart. Both conditions can lead to serious complications and require prompt medical attention. Risk factors for aortic diseases include high blood pressure, smoking, and genetic conditions like Marfan syndrome. Symptoms may vary but can include chest pain, back pain, or shortness of breath. Early detection through imaging tests, such as ultrasound or CT scans, is crucial for effective treatment.