Anti-colonial struggles refer to the movements and efforts by colonized peoples to gain independence and self-determination from colonial powers. These struggles often involved protests, armed resistance, and political negotiations aimed at ending foreign domination and reclaiming cultural identity. Notable examples include the Indian Independence Movement against British rule and the Algerian War of Independence against French colonialism. These movements were driven by a desire for political autonomy, economic control, and social justice. Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Frantz Fanon played significant roles in inspiring and organizing resistance. Ultimately, anti-colonial struggles contributed to the emergence of new nations and the decline of colonial empires in the 20th century.