Anti-colonial movements are efforts by people in colonized regions to resist and overthrow foreign domination. These movements emerged in response to the political, economic, and cultural oppression imposed by colonial powers. They aimed to achieve independence and self-determination, often leading to significant social and political changes. Throughout the 20th century, various anti-colonial movements gained momentum, such as those in India led by figures like Mahatma Gandhi, and in Africa, where leaders like Kwame Nkrumah played crucial roles. These movements often involved protests, civil disobedience, and armed struggle, ultimately contributing to the decolonization of many nations worldwide.