Ancient Greek civilization flourished from around the 8th century BCE to the 6th century CE. It is known for its significant contributions to art, philosophy, and politics. Key city-states like Athens and Sparta played vital roles in shaping Greek culture, with Athens being famous for its democratic system and Sparta for its military prowess. The Greeks made advancements in various fields, including mathematics and science, with figures like Pythagoras and Archimedes leading the way. Their mythology, featuring gods like Zeus and Athena, influenced literature and art, leaving a lasting legacy that continues to impact modern society.