Beta globin is a type of protein that is part of hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. It is produced by the HBB gene located on chromosome 11. Beta globin combines with alpha globin to form the adult form of hemoglobin, known as hemoglobin A. Mutations in the HBB gene can lead to blood disorders such as sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia. These conditions affect the production and function of hemoglobin, resulting in various health issues, including anemia and reduced oxygen delivery to tissues. Understanding beta globin is crucial for diagnosing and treating these disorders.