Acute urinary retention is a sudden inability to urinate, which can cause discomfort and pain. This condition often occurs when the bladder is full but cannot empty due to a blockage or nerve issues. Common causes include enlarged prostate, urinary tract infections, or certain medications. Symptoms of acute urinary retention include a strong urge to urinate, abdominal pain, and swelling in the lower abdomen. If not treated promptly, it can lead to complications such as bladder damage or infections. Treatment typically involves catheterization to relieve the pressure and address the underlying cause.