Acid-base balance refers to the regulation of the pH levels in the body, which is crucial for maintaining proper physiological functions. The body strives to keep the pH within a narrow range, typically around 7.35 to 7.45. This balance is achieved through various mechanisms, including the respiratory system, which controls carbon dioxide levels, and the kidneys, which manage bicarbonate and hydrogen ion concentrations. Disruptions in acid-base balance can lead to conditions such as acidosis or alkalosis. Acidosis occurs when the body becomes too acidic, while alkalosis happens when it becomes too basic. Maintaining this balance is essential for the proper functioning of enzymes, hormones, and overall metabolic processes.